Researchers in a Science study reported gut bacteria can influence whether people develop fever after mRNA vaccination, pointing to specific microbial taxa and diet factors shaping acute reactogenicity without changing antibody responses. On TB adherence, a study in which patients submitted smartphone images of urine test strips reported 72% of images as clearly interpretable, highlighting a practical pathway to monitor adherence for urine-based TB diagnostics. In vector surveillance, a modeling and field evidence push emphasized that earlier-warning epidemic surveillance design depends on reliable leading indicators, while a separate Ugandan study found passive smartphone cough monitoring detected cough frequency but did not achieve accuracy needed for standalone TB screening. Taken together, the work underscores how vaccine response variability, adherence monitoring, and real-world screening constraints converge on operationally feasible prevention systems.