Azalea Therapeutics, a spinout from Jennifer Doudna’s lab, reported preclinical in vivo CAR‑T results in Nature showing that systemically delivered gene‑editing particles can reprogram host T cells to become CAR‑T cells that clear solid and hematologic tumors in mice. The approach aims to circumvent ex vivo manufacturing by creating engineered effector cells directly in patients. Justin Eyquem and other independent experts highlighted the paper’s emphasis on cell‑type and locus‑specific editing to minimize off‑target risks. Azalea’s method adds to a growing field pursuing in vivo editing approaches to lower cost and expand access to adoptive immunotherapies, but translation will require rigorous safety and specificity testing ahead of human trials.