A field review mapped the accelerating investment and M&A activity around in‑vivo CAR‑T platforms, which aim to convert off‑the‑shelf delivery into patient T‑cell reprogramming inside the body. Integrated approaches use viral vectors (e.g., lentivirus) while non‑integrated strategies rely on LNPs, nanosomes, or exosomes; early clinical signals from EsoBiotec/Pregene and Kelonia show tumor clearance in multiple myeloma. The review emphasized known risks—insertational mutagenesis for integrating vectors, immunogenicity limiting redosing for mRNA platforms, and payload durability. Big pharmas have acquired platforms (Sanofi/Tidal) to secure IP and manufacturing know‑how, underlining that scalability and safety profiling will determine which approaches cross into broad clinical use.