In a phase II study, CIMAvax-EGF plus nivolumab generated an 11.9-month median overall survival in previously treated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. The strongest benefit was reported in patients with EGFR/ALK/KRAS wild-type tumors. The results add to the growing body of evidence testing combination strategies built around growth-factor modulation plus checkpoint blockade. Next steps will likely hinge on confirming subgroup durability and managing safety and response kinetics in broader cohorts.