MIT engineers reported lipid nanoparticles designed to reprogram natural killer cells inside the body. In mouse models, the LNP approach shifted NK-cell behavior toward cancer and autoimmune targets, with results framed as promising for in vivo cell engineering without viral vectors. The system focuses on delivering ligands and programming cues that steer NK-cell function, aiming to increase potency while improving practicality compared with ex vivo engineered cell therapies. The update adds momentum to non-viral in vivo reprogramming strategies, a key differentiator for biotech platforms competing in oncology immunotherapy and next-generation cell-adjacent therapeutics.