New insights into immunological mechanisms inform therapies across infectious diseases and oncology. A multivalent mRNA vaccine elicits protective immunity against monkeypox virus in mice, marking progress in zoonotic virus control. CRISPR screenings elucidate macrophage pathogen response regulation, advancing innate immunity understanding. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are linked to cardiac inflammation risks, underscoring the need for vigilant monitoring. Additional studies explore T cell targets for universal coronavirus vaccines, broadening vaccination horizons. These findings enhance immunotherapy precision and disease management.