Scientists reported an AAV6.2 gene delivery system designed to drive localized expression of immunomodulatory cytokines in mouse lungs during inflammatory challenges, without detectable peripheral immune deviation. The study, published in Science Immunology, delivered in situ production of IL-2, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), and IL-10 using a lung epithelial-targeting strategy intended to restore local immune homeostasis. The reported design aims to address limitations of systemic cytokine therapies by keeping effects restricted to lung tissue over weeks, and the team tested severity impacts across respiratory infection models including influenza.