Beyond the Replimune clearance, the broader oncology pipeline remains active on viral immunotherapy and tumor microenvironment reprogramming. In parallel peer-reviewed research, engineered approaches are being used to shift immune suppression into immune activation, including work describing macrophage engineering strategies that improve antitumor immunity through IL-10–TLR9 switching. The FDA approval of Tudriqev with Opdivo adds momentum to combination logic that relies on locally replicating viruses to stimulate systemic anti-tumor immune responses. Meanwhile, mechanistic studies of how tumors “rewire” antigen-presentation networks continue to map potential new entry points for immunotherapy modulation. Collectively, these developments reflect a renewed emphasis on targeting both the immune effector phase and the tumor ecosystem that prevents that phase from working, with clinical and translational work increasingly converging on similar design principles.