Researchers at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge identified how TRIM21 can drive antibody-directed xenophagy, detailing genes involved in an intracellular degradation pathway that tags viruses and bacteria entering the cytosol. The work, published in Molecular Cell on June 4, 2026, connects a mechanistic antimicrobial route to potential future therapeutic strategies. In parallel, phospholipase D enzymes PLD1 and PLD2 were linked to tumor immune evasion through immunosuppressive signaling that converges on CCL19 and PD-L1, also reported in Experimental & Molecular Medicine. The findings outline new targets for immunotherapy resistance biology and suggest avenues beyond checkpoint-only approaches. Together, the updates deepen mechanistic readouts for immune control inside cells and within the tumor microenvironment.