New research expands understanding of immune pathways and disease progression. Studies reveal TLR4-positive innate lymphoid cells driving persistent airway type 2 immunity, azelaic acid blocking leukemia cell skin trafficking, and dietary fat directly shaping anti-tumor immunity in obesity contexts. Additionally, cognitive dysfunction correlates with depression in chemotherapy patients, and noradrenaline modulates memory specificity via amygdala pathways, highlighting complex neuroimmune interactions crucial for therapeutic development.