A team led by Alzua, León and Yellin reported isolation and characterization of human monoclonal antibodies that neutralize clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 hemagglutinin, according to a Nature Communications publication. The antibodies showed broad activity across tested isolates and mapped to conserved HA epitopes, providing templates for therapeutic development and informing vaccine antigen design. The investigators combined serology with structural and neutralization assays to define antibody breadth and potency. The study offers potential immediate paths for emergency therapeutic stockpiling and guides next‑generation influenza vaccine antigen selection aimed at high‑risk zoonotic H5N1 lineages.