Researchers demonstrated a scalable pipeline to produce thousands of human kidney organoids and integrate them into ex vivo perfused porcine kidneys, then perform the first transplants of porcine kidneys modified with human renal organoids in pigs. The method uses normothermic machine perfusion to infuse, monitor and evaluate organoid engraftment and viability in real time. The work, published in Nature Biomedical Engineering and presented by the Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia and collaborators, tackles major production and uniformity challenges in organoid manufacturing. Authors highlighted potential applications ranging from drug screening to regenerative therapies and indicated the approach could lower barriers to clinical translation for cell‑based kidney interventions.