Researchers have demonstrated the successful transplantation of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived nitrergic neurons into the colonic wall of immunocompromised mice deficient in nitric oxide (NO) neurons. These transplanted cells, identified by the human cytoplasmic marker SC121, migrated along the colon and increased the proportion of NO-producing neurons compared to controls. The study highlights the potential of mature enteric neuron transplantation, offering a post-mitotic cell source with lowered tumorigenic risk, to treat gastrointestinal motility disorders and advance regenerative medicine strategies for enteric neuropathies.