A randomized trial combining in situ viral imaging and mass spectrometry reported that standard first-line dolutegravir/lamivudine penetrates lymph node reservoirs, coinciding with a rapid decline in HIV-1-infected cells within nodal tissue. The approach directly measures target-site dynamics rather than relying only on blood viral load. Separately, a review summarized how simplified and long-acting antiretroviral strategies are reshaping prevention and care across the HIV continuum. The shift moves burden toward virological monitoring and resistance assessment, aiming to reduce day-to-day treatment complexity. Both pieces point to a sector focus on “where the drug works” and “how to sustain control,” not just pharmacology in blood compartments.