Cryo-EM work has clarified how HIV-1’s Vpr protein hijacks the human CRL4(VprBP) E3 ligase to degrade diverse host targets—an upstream mechanistic map that can guide antiviral strategy selection. In parallel, a cohort study in northern Haiti reports that more than 70% of older adults living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy have at least one non-communicable disease, highlighting a growing clinical complexity layer for aging HIV populations. In surveillance and outbreak readiness, new whole-genome sequencing from Iran tracks influenza H1N1pdm09 drift from 2023 to 2025 and supports continued vaccine strain match assumptions—relevant for policy and manufacturing planning.