A nationwide South Korean study linked opioid prescriptions during pregnancy to higher hospital admission risk in children, with a dose-dependent pattern persisting through age five—adding clinical pressure to refine prescribing and monitoring during pregnancy. Separately, an audit of a national insurance enrollment process in India found that only about one-fifth of those automatically eligible for PM-JAY completed verification, leaving women, children, the uneducated, and peripheral household members least likely to gain access. The two reports—one clinical, one administrative—both point to gaps that can translate into measurable downstream morbidity and service inequities.