Recent research at McGill University and the Israel Institute of Technology demonstrated that fecal microbiota transplantation from fibromyalgia patients to germ-free mice induces chronic pain-like symptoms. These findings published in Neuron support a causative role of gut microbial alterations in fibromyalgia’s pathophysiology, presenting potential for microbiome-targeted therapies. Tests focused strictly on subjects reporting severe pain, with mice showing increased sensitivity to mechanical and thermal stimuli after transplantation.