Emerging studies elucidate microbial influences on kidney fibrosis and diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Peptide corisin, secreted by gut Staphylococcus species, accelerates kidney fibrosis via aging-related pathways. Additionally, branched-chain amino acids are implicated in promoting DKD progression through metabolic elongation mechanisms. These insights open avenues for therapeutic interventions targeting gut microbial metabolites to mitigate chronic kidney disease.