GSK struck a deal with China’s Frontier Biotechnologies, paying $40 million up front for two siRNA candidates and agreeing to nearly $1 billion in milestone payments plus tiered royalties. Frontier retains early development in China while GSK assumes global clinical development, regulatory filings and commercialization responsibilities once programs advance. Frontier has already dosed a Phase 1 candidate and is completing IND‑enabling work on the second asset; the companies cited prior animal data on MASP‑2 targets for kidney disease as part of Frontier’s portfolio. The pact underscores Big Pharma’s continued appetite to expand oligonucleotide pipelines through licensing of China‑origin programs. For GSK, the transaction deepens its RNAi footprint alongside existing oligo collaborations and signals ongoing strategic investment in modality diversification.