Recent studies reveal novel molecular pathways impacting multiple diseases. EZH2 enzyme modulation affects T cell activation in liver cancer through the MIF-CD74 axis, impacting tumor immunity. A newly discovered mitochondrial protein, MTCH2, regulates lipid metabolism via CPT1 in adipocytes, informing obesity and diabetes research. Further, the identification of α-L-fucosidase isoenzymes FUCA1 and FUCA2 as prognostic markers advances glioma diagnosis. Together, these findings provide critical targets for future therapeutic intervention.