Recent molecular biology breakthroughs expand disease understanding and therapeutic avenues. Novel insights demonstrate potassium- and calcium-modified ilmenite oxygen carriers effecting greener hydrogen production. The TEX44-CPT1B axis is identified as crucial for sperm energy and structure. Furthermore, DCTPP1 regulates oxidative stress in placental trophoblasts via AUF1 interaction. Advances in genome regulation reveal WTAP’s role in DNA repair in liver cancer. Cutting-edge CRISPR screening methods enable discovery of neuronal essential genes in vivo, accelerating precision medicine development.