Researchers at UC San Diego have developed Graphene-Mediated Optical Stimulation (GraMOS), a novel non-genetic method that uses graphene to convert light into electrical cues, accelerating the maturation of human brain organoids. This technique improves neuron connectivity and network organization without genetic modification or damaging currents. GraMOS advances the modeling of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, providing enhanced functional insights using patient-derived organoids. The study, published in Nature Communications, highlights GraMOS as a breakthrough for brain research and biohybrid applications.