Researchers from UC San Diego and NeurANO Bioscience introduced Graphene-Mediated Optical Stimulation (GraMOS), a pioneering, non-genetic technique that uses graphene’s optoelectronic properties to stimulate neural activity in brain organoids. This method accelerates neuronal connection formation and network development without requiring genetic modification or invasive electrical stimulation, improving modeling of age-related neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s. The innovation holds promise for advancing disease research, brain-machine interfaces, and biohybrid robotics.