Researchers at the University of California, San Diego, have developed Graphene-Mediated Optical Stimulation (GraMOS), a novel, non-genetic method utilizing graphene's optoelectronic properties to accelerate human brain organoid maturation and stimulate neuronal communication without genetic modification. This minimally invasive approach converts light into local electrical cues prompting neuron activity, resulting in enhanced network connectivity and maturity in both rodent neurons and human organoids, including Alzheimer's disease models. The method offers promising advances for disease modeling and neural interface technologies.