Researchers publishing in Genome Medicine map spatial interactions between GPNMB+ macrophages and COL6A3+ fibroblasts that promote vascular fibrosis in glioblastoma. Using spatial transcriptomics, the team links a macrophage subset to extracellular matrix remodeling and perivascular fibrosis that may impede drug delivery. The study identifies candidate signaling axes for therapeutic targeting and suggests that reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages could modulate the fibrotic barrier in glioblastoma. Authors call for translational work to test macrophage-directed agents in preclinical models.