The Global Neurodegeneration Proteomics Consortium (GNPC) has released one of the largest proteomic datasets encompassing approximately 250 million protein measurements from over 35,000 biosamples linked to Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, frontotemporal dementia and ALS. Analyses revealed protein biomarkers that uniquely associate with each disease and cross-disease signatures, shedding light on shared and distinct mechanisms in neurodegeneration. These findings, published in Nature Medicine and Nature Aging, hold promise for advancing early diagnosis and therapeutic strategies for major neurodegenerative conditions, with support and commentary from leading experts including Bill Gates.