Cutting-edge research in genome engineering unveils transformative advances. Scientists have redefined the genetic code by engineering bacteria with only 57 codons, simplifying the genetic alphabet. Concurrently, CRISPR-based innovations expand functional plant engineering exemplified by creating engineered floral pigmentation and forms in Arabidopsis. Additionally, progress in epigenome editing offers powerful tools to regulate gene expression without altering DNA sequence, poised for therapeutic translation. These developments highlight synthetic biology’s growing potential to engineer biological systems for novel applications.