Researchers have successfully applied mitochondrial base editing (mtBE) to correct harmful mutations in mitochondrial DNA within patient-derived cells. Employing the DdCBE system, a CRISPR-independent cytosine base editor, the team demonstrated precise nucleotide modifications in vitro, restoring mitochondrial function. This milestone addresses the longstanding challenge of editing mitochondrial genomes and offers a promising therapeutic approach for mitochondrial diseases. Parallel advances also confirm the applicability across various human cell types, broadening the scope for future clinical gene therapies.