Mammoth Biosciences disclosed preclinical primate data for its lead gene‑editing program and signaled plans to move toward first‑in‑human testing of a triglyceride‑lowering editing approach, while independent research demonstrated that an epigenetic editing therapy produced durable PCSK9 suppression and cholesterol lowering in nonhuman primates. Mammoth’s announcement, covered from ESGCT reporting, highlights industry momentum to translate CRISPR‑derived tools into metabolic disease interventions. Separately, a Nature Biotechnology study reported that mRNA‑delivered epigenetic editors reduced PCSK9 expression and LDL cholesterol for nearly a year in primates after a single dose, suggesting a potentially reversible, durable alternative to permanent genome disruption. Epigenetic editing here refers to targeted, reversible modification of gene regulation rather than cutting DNA. Taken together, the results underscore two converging strategies: precise in vivo gene modulation and nonpermanent epigenetic approaches that aim to deliver long‑lasting clinical benefit with potentially improved safety and control. Both programs now face translational inflection points—dose optimization, immune safety, and regulatory pathways will drive next steps.