Cutting-edge research advances gene editing and synthetic biology applications. The split RNA switch system enhances cell-specific gene expression control, while dual-targeted gene therapies are developed to improve tumor targeting. Advances in synthetic DNA nanoparticles facilitate gene therapy delivery. Novel catalytic processes transform natural polyesters into enantiopure biodegradable plastics, and synthetic promoter elements expand enhancer reach. These technological leaps promise more effective and precise therapeutic interventions.