Researchers published a metagenomic‑editing advance demonstrating integration of large DNA constructs into gut bacteria in vivo, a technical leap for microbiome engineering with potential therapeutic applications. The paper details methods to target and modify complex gut communities directly, presenting a path to engineer resident microbes for disease intervention. Concurrently, FDA officials proposed a new regulatory pathway to accelerate individualized genetic therapies for rare diseases, drawing on recent in vivo CRISPR success stories. The policy proposal outlines criteria for expedited development when molecular targets and natural histories are well defined—signalling regulator willingness to adapt approval frameworks for next‑generation gene editing interventions.