Gene and cell therapy research continues to address safety and efficacy challenges while exploring innovative targets. Emerging reports highlight immune system barriers to gene therapy redosing, emphasizing the need for novel immune suppressive strategies. Advances include AI-driven protein design activating Notch pathways to optimize T-cell immunotherapy and identification of TREM2 agonists with therapeutic potential across inflammatory and metabolic disorders. Simultaneously, quantification of genome breakage patterns ('breakome') advances understanding of off-target effects in gene editing, reinforcing safety in cell and gene therapy development.