Researchers introduced exfoliome sequencing (Foli‑seq), a targeted amplicon approach to profile host mRNA from exfoliated gut cells in feces. The method—validated in Nature Biotechnology—captures fragile fecal eukaryotic RNAs (feRNA) that reflect epithelial injury, immune activity, and treatment responses in mouse models and human IBD cohorts. Foli‑seq quantified transcripts not detected by bulk RNA‑seq, linked exfoliome signatures to microbiome features, and stratified IBD patients by disease severity. Investigators and Columbia University authors indicated the technology could enable noninvasive, longitudinal gut monitoring to guide therapy decisions and biomarker development.