Federal actions in 2025 froze multiple NIH operations and canceled more than $1.5 billion in grants, according to reporting collated from affected researchers and agencies. The Trump administration’s restrictions included pauses on grant reviews, hiring, travel, and communications—measures that universities, clinical trial teams and early-career investigators called “devastating.” Scientists and former NIH leaders told reporters that the funding interruptions disrupted clinical trials, delayed graduate admissions and imperiled the biomedical training pipeline. Stakeholders in academia and industry are now recalibrating hiring, trial enrollment and partnership timelines, and expect lingering downstream effects on translational research and startup deal flow.