Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), originally validated for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection, is gaining investigation across diverse conditions including alopecia, depression, Parkinson’s disease, cancer, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s, and more. Rising scientific publications reflect the method’s expanding therapeutic horizon via modulation of gut microbiota and systemic effects. Researchers analyze mechanisms and side effects, noting surprising outcomes such as hair regrowth in select patients post-FMT. This evolving field highlights microbiome-targeted interventions as promising, albeit complex, approaches for multiple chronic diseases.