Nature Medicine has retracted a randomized phase 3 trial publication, “Time-of-day immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer,” after identifying major problems with the trial and losing confidence in the integrity of the results. The paper, originally reported by LungTIME-C01, linked improved outcomes to administering PD-1 inhibitor-based immunochemotherapy before 3 p.m. The retraction follows extensive scrutiny after the reported efficacy and safety patterns drew attention across biomedical networks. The decision underscores ongoing expectations for protocol consistency, data verification, and editorial confidence in high-impact oncology claims.