Two federal courts have issued preliminary injunctions blocking parts of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ (HHS) broad reorganization plans and workforce reductions, siding with states that argue the agency lacks authority for such drastic changes. The rulings pause thousands of layoffs implemented since early 2025, including over 3,500 FDA employees and significant reductions at the CDC and NIH. Plaintiffs contend these cuts, comprising terminations and buyouts, have led to regulatory delays and were executed without proper authorization. While courts stopped enforcement of mass layoffs, they refrained from ruling on the overall constitutionality of the HHS restructuring, signaling ongoing legal scrutiny of executive agency powers.