Researchers outlined strategies to harness extracellular vesicles (EVs) as safer, more precise carriers for gene and protein therapeutics, positioning EVs as an alternative to viral vectors in certain delivery scenarios. The review highlights engineering approaches to load cargo, target tissues, and reduce immunogenicity while noting remaining manufacturing and biodistribution hurdles. The article frames EVs as a translational pathway for protein replacement, CRISPR components and RNA therapeutics. Extracellular vesicles are membrane‑bound particles secreted by cells that naturally carry nucleic acids and proteins between cells; researchers argue engineered EVs can mimic this biology for therapeutic delivery with potentially lower immune activation than viral vectors. The work underscores industry interest in scalable purification, potency assays and regulatory frameworks to support EV‑based products.