Nature Medicine retracted a high-profile Chinese lung cancer study after questions about protocol adherence and randomization patterns. The paper, known as Lungtime-C01, had claimed that giving immunotherapy before 3 p.m. dramatically improved survival outcomes compared with later dosing. The retraction cited problems raised by researchers during scrutiny, including discrepancies between protocol versions and evidence suggesting participants were not randomized as described. Nature Medicine concluded it no longer had confidence in the integrity of the reported results. The decision intensifies focus on data transparency and study conduct for oncology trials, particularly when results are framed as practice-changing.