A new epidemiological study in the Journal of Perinatology uncovered significant racial disparities in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy incidence, severity, and outcomes in the U.S., with Black and Hispanic infants experiencing disproportionate burdens despite adjustments for socioeconomic factors. Meanwhile, a JAMA Network Open cohort study found breast cancer survivors exhibit a reduced risk of Alzheimer’s dementia compared to non-cancer controls, suggesting potential neuroprotective effects of cancer treatments. These findings expose systemic healthcare inequities and complex intersections between oncology and neurodegeneration.