Environmental contamination by micro- and nanoplastics is increasingly recognized for its health implications. Studies detail innovative detection and quantification methods including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, offering enhanced molecular characterization of microplastics in ecosystems. Investigations into the biological effects reveal nano- and micro-polystyrene particles disrupt gut epithelium and neuronal functions in vitro, highlighting potential pathways for systemic impacts. Research mapping tire particle contamination in Swiss road soils provides detailed distribution profiles, further emphasizing environmental pervasiveness. Additionally, agent-based computational frameworks facilitate comprehensive assessment of individual multi-pollutant exposures, bolstering public health risk evaluation.