Innovative biotechnologies addressing environmental and structural challenges have advanced significantly. Studies reveal the seismic vulnerability of unreinforced masonry facades improved by imaging and macroelement modeling, while real-time water monitoring in large aqueducts employs distributed acoustic sensing. Research into biosilica nanoparticle therapies targets ischemia–reperfusion liver injury with antioxidant effects. Concurrently, developments in bioplastics with polyhydroxyalkanoates from microbial fermentation underscore sustainable materials progress amid cost challenges.