Emerging studies illuminate significant public health and environmental risks associated with pollution and climate dynamics. Proximity to microplastic-contaminated oceans in U.S. coastal counties correlates with elevated cardiometabolic disease incidence. Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms near residential areas have been linked to reduced life expectancy among ALS patients. Climate studies reveal region-specific groundwater responses, with the arid Southwest facing depletion risks while the Pacific Northwest retains moisture. Additionally, novel research emphasizes the urgent need for distributive justice in U.S. city climate adaptation plans to ensure equitable resource access and risk mitigation for vulnerable populations.