Groundbreaking studies explore the roles and diversity of microbiomes across ecosystems and their implications for agriculture and environmental health. Research on rhizosphere bacteria under water-saving irrigation reveals shifts that could influence crop productivity. Novel microbial consortia demonstrate enhanced biocontrol against plant pathogens, while detailed microbiome analyses within ticks, bees, and tree interiors uncover complex host-microbe dynamics. Additionally, microbial degradation processes of environmental pollutants such as oil and plastics are better understood, enabling future sustainability strategies.