Research in sustainable agriculture and ecology addresses climate resilience and ecosystem health. Advances include AI-driven insights unlocking five decades of rice yield sustainability under continuous cropping. Novel nutrient-rich biochars improve acidic sandy soil fertility, while green extraction methods promise eco-friendly bioprocessing. Large free-ranging bison herds in Yellowstone National Park demonstrate ecosystem restoration benefits. Crustacean ecosystem monitoring and efficient spray technologies seek to protect vital coral reefs. These multidisciplinary efforts integrate technology and biology to promote environmental sustainability and agricultural productivity.