A new study outlines next-generation CAR-T cell designs that exploit tumor-specific features to increase selectivity and antitumor activity. Researchers describe modular CAR constructs that sense tumor microenvironment cues and adjust effector functions, aiming to reduce off-tumor toxicity while improving persistence. The work synthesizes preclinical data showing enhanced killing of heterogeneous tumor cell populations and highlights design principles—such as dual-antigen gating and microenvironment-responsive switches—that developers can apply in solid-tumor CAR-T programs. The paper frames the approach as an engineering route to overcome tumor heterogeneity and suppressive niches.