Innovations in energy storage materials have yielded promising advances for lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries, as well as supercapacitors. Bimetallic doping in cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks and polyvinylpyrrolidone membrane enhancements improve stability and ionic conductivity. Novel cathode composites, such as Nb-doped lithium-rich oxides and Sr-doped sodium ion battery materials, demonstrate enhanced electrochemical performance and longevity. Ultrafast laser pulse techniques and carbon coating methods also contribute to higher efficiency. These developments aim to address the growing demand for safer, longer-lasting, and higher-capacity energy storage devices critical for consumer electronics and electric vehicles.