Research in advanced materials significantly enhances lithium-ion and other battery technologies. Novel cathode compositions such as MOF-enhanced Sn-doped V2O5 and lithium-rich graphene/zinc composites demonstrate improved capacity and cycling stability. Innovative electro-thermal modeling frameworks and AI-driven estimation methods for battery health monitoring further optimize performance and longevity. These developments contribute to the evolving landscape of energy storage crucial for electrification and portable electronics.