Sustainable energy storage continues to advance with novel materials and designs. Researchers developed carbon-coated zinc molybdenum oxide to enhance lithium-ion battery capacity. Porous carbon nanofibers serve as free-standing electrodes for zinc-ion hybrid capacitors, enabling efficient and eco-friendly energy storage. Innovations in magnesium ion conductivity using polymer electrolytes offer fresh prospects for electrical double layer capacitors. Additionally, two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks enhanced with lithium salts improve lithium metal battery performance. These breakthroughs address critical challenges surrounding capacity, stability, and environmental impact in next-generation energy devices.