Energy storage technology experiences significant material and design breakthroughs. Researchers explore novel electrode materials like copper-oxide flakes and quinone nanocomposites for supercapacitors and aqueous zinc-ion batteries. Advances in solid-state electrolytes using cellulose acetate and magnesium ion conduction improve battery efficiency. Composite materials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes bolster sodium-ion and manganese-ion battery performance. These innovations promise enhanced capacity, stability, and environmental sustainability for next-generation energy systems.